Metal Terminology (D-E)金属术语D-E

MetalTerminologyD

DEADFLAT
Perfectlyflat.Aspertainingtosheet,striporplate.(SeeStretcherLeveling)

DEADSOFTANNEALING
Heatingmetaltoabovethecriticalrangeandappropriatelycoolingtodevelopthegreatestpossiblecommercialsoftnessorductility.

DEADSOFTSTEEL
Steel,normallymadeinthebasicopen-hearthfurnaceorbythebasicoxygenprocesswithcarbonlessthan0.10%andmanganeseinthe0.20-0.50%range,completelyannealed.

DEADSOFTTEMPER
(No.5TEMPER)-Conditionofmaximumsoftnesscommerciallyattainableinwire,strip,orsheetmetalintheannealedstate.

DEBURRING
Amethodwherebytherawslitedgeofmetalisremovedbyrollingorfiling.

DECARBURIZATION
Removalofcarbonfromtheoutersurfaceofironorsteel,usuallybyheatinginanoxidizingorreducingatmosphere.Watervapor,oxygenandcarbondioxidearestrongdecarburizers.Reheatingwithadheringscaleisalsostronglydecarburizinginaction.

DEEPDRAWING
Theprocessofcoldworkingordrawingsheetorstripmetalblanksbymeansofdiesonapressintoshameswhichareusuallymoreorlesscup-likeincharacterinvolvingconsiderableplasticdeformationofthemetal.Deep-drawingqualitysheetorstripsteel,orderedorsoldonthebasisofsuitabilityfordeep-drawing.

DEGASSINGPROCESS
(Insteelmaking)-Removinggasesfromthemoltenmetalbymeansofavacuumprocessincombinationwithmechanicalaction.

DELTAIRON
Allotropicmodificationofiron,stableabove2552癋.tomeltingpoint.Itisofbody-centeredcubiccrystalstructure.

DEOXIDIZING
Removalofoxygen.Insteelsheet,strip,andwiretechnology,thetermreferstoheattreatmentinareducingatmosphere,tolessentheamountofscale.(SeeControlledAtmosphereFurnaces)

DIE-LINES
Linesofmarkingscausedondrawnorextrudedproductsbyminorimperfectionsinthesurfaceofthedie.

DIESINKING
Formingormachiningadepressedpatterninadie.

DISH
Aconcavesurfacedepartingfromastraightlineedgetoedge.Indicatestransverseoracrossthewidth.

DOCTORBLADESTEELSTRIP
Ahardenedandtemperedspringsteelstrip,usuallyblued,producedfromapproximately.85carboncoldrolledspringsteelstripspeciallyselectedforstraightnessandgoodedges.Sometimeshandstraightenedorstraightenedbygrindingandcuttodesiredlengths.Thisproductisusedintheprintingtradeasabladetouniformlyremoveexcessink(“dope”)fromtherolls;henceitsname.

DRAWINGBACK
Reheatedafterhardeningtoatemperaturebelowthecriticalforthepurposeofchangingthehardnessofthesteel.(SeeTempering)

DRILLROD
Atermgiventoanannealedandpolishedhighcarbontoolsteelrodusuallyroundandcenterlessground.Thesizesrangeinroundstockfrom.013to1?#148;diameter.Commercialqualitiesembracewaterandoilhardeninggrades.Alesspopularbutneverthelessstandardgradeisanon-deformingquality.DrillRodsareusedprincipallybymachinistsandtoolanddiemakersforpunches,drills,taps,dowelpins,screwmachineparts,smalltools,etc.

DRYROLLEDFINISH
Finishobtainedbycoldrollingonpolishedrollswithouttheuseofanycoolantormetallubricant,materialpreviouslyplainpickled,givingaburnishedappearance.

DUCTILITY
Thepropertyofmetalsthatenablesthemtobemechanicallydeformedwhencold,withoutfracture.Insteel,ductilityisusuallymeasuredbyelongationandreductionofareaasdeterminedinatensiletest.

DURALUMIN
Thetradenameappliedtothefirstaluminum-copper-magnesiumtypeofage-hardenablealloy(17S),whichcontainsnominally4%Cu,?%Mg.Thetermissometimesusedtoincludetheclassofwroughtaluminum-copper-magnesiumalloysthathardenduringagingatroomtemperature.

MetalTerminologyE

EARING
Wavyprojectionsformedattheoperaendofacuporshellinthecourseofdeepdrawingbecauseofdifferencesindirectionalproperties.Alsotermedscallop.(SeeNon-ScallopingQualityStripSteel)

EDGES
Manytypesofedgescanbeproducedinthemanufactureofflatrolledmetalproducts.Overtheyearsthefollowingtypesofedgeshavebecomerecognizedasstandardintheirrespectivefields.

COPPERBASEALLOYS
Slit,SlitandEdgeRolled,Sheared,Sawed,MachinedorDrawn,

SHEETSTEELSORALUMINUMSHEET
MillEdge,SlitEdgeorShearedEdge.

STRIPSTEELSandSTAINLESSSTRIP
No.1Edge-Asmooth,uniform,roundorsquareedge,eitherslitorfiledorslitandedgerolledasspecified,widthtolerance+/-.005”.

No.2Edge-Anaturalroundmilledgecarriedthroughfromthehotrolledband.Hasnotbeenslit,filed,oredgerolled.Tolerancesnotcloserthanhot-rolledstriplimits.

No.3Edge-Square,producedbyslittingonly.Notfiled.Widthtoleranceclose.

No.4Edge-Aroundedgeproducedbyedgerollingeitherfromanaturalmilledgeorfromslitedgestrip.NotasperfectasNo.1edge.Widthtolerancesliberal.

No.5Edge-Anapproximatelysquareedgeproducedbyslittingandfilingorslittingandrollingtoremoveburr.

No.6Edge-Asquareedgeproducedbysquareedgerolling,generallyfromsquareedgehot-rolledoccasionallyfromslitstrip.WidthtolerancesandfinishnotasexactingasNo.1edge.

EDGEFILING
Amethodwherebytheraworslitedgesofstripmetalarepassedordrawnoneormoretimesagainstaseriesoffiles,mountedatvariousangles.Thismethodmaybeusedfordeburringonlyorfilingtoaspecificcontourincludingacompletelyroundededge.

EDGESTRAINOREDGEBREAKS
Creasesextendinginfromtheedgeofthetemperrolledsheet.

EDGEWISECURVATURE
(SeeCamber)

EDGING
Thedressingofmetalstripedgesbyrolling,filingordrawing.

ELASTICLIMIT
Maximumstressthatamaterialwillstandbeforepermanentdeformationoccurs.

ELECTRICFURNACESTEEL
Steelmadeinanyfurnacewhereheatisgeneratedelectrically,almostalwaysbyarc.Becauseofrelativelyhighcost,onlytoolsteelsandotherhigh-valuesteelsaremadebytheelectricfurnaceprocess.

ELECTROCLEANING
(ElectrolyticBrightening)-Ananodictreatment.Acleaning,polishing,oroxidizingtreatmentinwhichthespecimenorworkismadetheanodeinasuitableelectrolyte;aninertmetalisusedascathodeandapotentialisapplied.

ELECTRO-GALVANIZING
Galvanizingbyelectrodepositionofzinconsteel.

ELECTROLYTICPOLISHING
(SeeElectrocleaning)

ELECTROLYTICTINPLATE
BlackPlatethathasbeentinplatedonbothsideswithcommerciallypuretinbyelectrodeposition.(SeeTinPlating)

ELECTROPLATING
Theproductionofathincoatingofonemetalonanotherbyelectrodeposition.Itisveryextensivelyusedinindustryandiscontinuingtoenlargeitsusefulfunctions.Variousplatedmetalsandcombinationsthereofarebeingusedfordifferentpurposetoillustrate:

1.Decorationandprotectionagainstcorrosion…………………...copper,nickelandchromium.

2.Protectionagainstcorrosion…………………………………...cadmiumorzinc

3.Protectionagainstwear………………………………………..chromium

4.Build-upofapartorpartsundersize…………………………...chromiumornickel

5.Plateforrubberadhesion………………………………………brass

6.Protectionagainstcarburizationandforbrazingoperations…......copperandnickel

ELONGATION
Increaseinlengthwhichoccursbeforeametalisfractured,whensubjectedtostress.Thisisusuallyexpressedasapercentageoftheoriginallengthandisameasureoftheductilityofthemetal.

EMBOSSING
Raisingorindentingadesigninreliefonasheetorstripofmetalbypassingbetweenrollsofdesiredpattern.(SeePatternedorEmbossedSheet)

ENDURANCELIMIT
Maximumalternatingstress,whichagivenmaterialwillwithstandforanindefinitenumberoftimes,withoutcausingfatiguefailure.

ERICHSENTEST
SimilartotheOlsenTest.Readingsareinmillimeters.

ETCHING
Inmetallography,theprocessofrevealingstructuraldetailsbythepreferentialattackofreagentsonametalsurface.

EUTECTOIDSTEEL
Steelrepresentingtheeutectoidcompositionoftheironcarbonsystem,withabout0.80%to0.83%carbon,theeutectoidtemperaturebeingabout1333癋.Suchsteelintheannealedconditionconsistsexclusivelyofpearlite.Steelswithlessthanthisquotaofcarbonareknownashypo-eutectoidandcontainfreeferriteinadditiontothepearlite.Whenmorecarbonispresent,thesteelisknownashyper-eutectoidandcontainsfreecementite.Thepresenceofcertainelements,suchasnickelorchromium,lowerstheeutectoidcarboncontent.

EXPANDERSTEEL
Hardenedandtempered,bluepolished.Carboncontentabout1.00,Chromium.17.Usedfortheexpandersinoilpistonrings.Hardness30N70to73.Rangeofsizesrunforgrooves3/32”to?#148;widewiththesteelapproximately.003%lessthanthegroovesandthicknessfrom.012to.020”.

EXTENSOMETER
Anapparatusforindicatingthedeformationofmetalwhileitissubjectedtostress.

EXTENSOMETERTEST
Themeasurementofdeformationduringstressingintheelasticrange,permittingdeterminationofelasticpropertiessuchasproportionallimit,proofstress,yieldstrengthbytheoffsetmethodandsoforth.Requirestheuseofspecialtestingequipmentandtestingproceduressuchastheuseofanextensometerortheplottingofastress-straindiagram.

EXTRAHARDTEMPER
Inbrassmillterminology,ExtraHardissixB&Snumbershardor50.15%reductionfromthepreviousannealingorsoftstage.

EXTRASPRINGTEMPER
Inbrassmillterminology,ExtraSpringistennumbershardor68.55%reductioninthicknessfromthepreviousannealingorsoftstage.

EXTRUSION
Shapingmetalintoachosencontinuousformbyforcingitthroughadieofappropriateshape.