Metal Terminology (V-Z)金属术语V-Z

MetalTerminologyV

VACUUMDEGASSING
(SeeDegassingProcess)

VANADIUM
(ChemicalSymbolV)-ElementNo.23oftheperiodicsystem;atomicweight50.95.Gray-white,hardmetal,unaffectedbyatmosphericinfluencesoralkaliesbutsolubleinmoststrongacids;meltingpoint31190癋.;boilingpointabout61500癋.;specificgravity5.87.Itcannotbeelectrodeposited.Itsprincipalfunctionsasanalloyinthemakingoftoolsteels.(1)Elevatescoarseningtemperatureofaustenite(promotesfinegrain).(2)Increaseshardenability(whendissolved).(3)Resiststemperingandcausesmarkedsecondaryhardening.

VIBRATEDWOUND
(SeeOscillatedWoundCoils)

VIBRATORREEDSTEEL
Hardened,temperandwhitepolishedextraprecisionrolled.Carboncontentabout1.00%.Steelmustwithstandgreatfatiguestresses.

VICKERSHARDNESS(TEST)
Standardmethodformeasuringthehardnessofmetals,particularlythosewithextremelyhardsurfaces:thesurfaceissubjectedtoastandardpressureforastandardlengthoftimebymeansofapyramid-shapeddiamond.ThediagonaloftheresultingindentionismeasuredunderamicroscopeandtheVickersHardnessvaluereadfromaconversiontable.

VIRGINMETAL
Metalobtaineddirectlyfromoreandnotusedbefore.

MetalTerminologyW
WMB,WHBandEXTRAWHBGRADES
Springsteelwiresproducedfromacidopen-hearthsteels(seenotesatMBGRADE).

WASTERS
Sheetsthathaveprohibiteddefects,forexampleseamsandbuckledplates.Generallyfitforre-meltingpurposesonly.

WATCHMAINSPRINGSTEEL
Usuallysuppliedcoldrolledandannealedinlargewidthsandcutandhardenedbythespringmanufacturers.Carboncontentabout1.15%andTungsten.17%,extraprecisionrolled.

WATERHARDENING
Processofhardeninghighcarbonsteelsbyquenchinginwaterorbrineafterheating.

WAVY
Notflat.Aslightwavefollowingthedirectionofrollingandbeyondthestandardlimitationforflatness.

WEDGE
Ahardwoodstickusedasaformingtoolinspinning.

WELDING
Aprocessusedtojoinmetalsbytheapplicationofheat.Fusionwelding,whichincludesgas,arc,andresistancewelding,requiresthattheparentmetalsbemelted.Thisdistinguishesfusionweldingfrombrazing.Inpressureweldingjoiningisaccomplishedbytheuseofheatandpressurewithoutmelting.Thepartsthatarebeingweldedarepressedtogetherandheatedsimultaneously,sothatrecrystalizationoccursacrosstheinterface.

WORKHARDENING
Increaseinresistanttodeformation(i.e.inhardness)producedbycoldworking.

WORKABILITY
Thecharacteristicorgroupofcharacteristicthatdeterminestheeaseofformingametalintodesiredshapes.

WORMS
(SeeStretcherStrains)

WROUGHTIRON
Ironcontainingonlyaverysmallamountofotherelements,butcontaining1-3%byweightofslagintheformofparticleselongatedinonedirection,givingtheironacharacteristicgrain.Ismorerust-resistantthansteelandweldsmoreeasily.

MetalTerminologyX
X-RAYS
Lightrays,excitedusuallybytheimpactofcathoderaysonmatter,whichhavewavelengthsbetweenabout10-6cm,and10-9cm;alsowrittenX-rays,sameasRoentgenrays.

MetalTerminologyY
YIELDPOINT
Theloadperunitoforiginalcrosssectionatwhich,insoftsteel,amarkedincreaseindeformationoccurswithoutincreaseinload.

YIELDSTRENGTH(YS)
Thestress(load/area)atwhichthemetalchangesfromelastictoplasticinbehavior,i.e.,takesapermanentset.

YOUNG’SMODULUS
Thecoefficientofelasticityofstretching.Forastretchedwire,Young’sModulusistheratioofstretchingforceperunitcross-sectionalareatotheelongationperunitlength.ThevaluesofYoung’sModulusformetalsareoftheorder1012dynespersquarecm.(SeeModulusofElasticity)

MetalTerminologyZ
ZINC
(ChemicalSymbolZn)-ElementNo.30oftheperiodicsystem.Atomicweight65.38.Blue-whitemetal;whenpure,malleableandductileevenatordinarytemperatures;meltingpoint7870癋.,boilingpoint16650癋.,specificgravity7.14.Itcanbeelectrodepositedandisusedextensivelyasacoatingforsteel(SeeGalvanizing)andsheet.Zincfindsmanyoutlets,suchasdrybatteries,etc.Zinc-basealloysareofgreatimportanceindiecasting.Itsmostimportantalloyisbrass.

ZIRCONIUM
(ChemicalSymbolZr.)-ElementNo.40oftheperiodicsystem.Atomicweight91.22.Specificgravity6.5andmeltingpointatabout3200?+/-1300癋.Becauseofitsgreataffinityforoxygenandcombinesreadilywithnitrogenandsulfur,itisusedasadeoxidizerandscavengerinsteelmaking.Itisusedasanalloywithnickelforcuttingtoolsandisusedincopperalloys.