Metal Terminology (Q-R)金属术语Q-R

MetalTerminology(Q-R)金属术语Q-R

MetalTerminologyQ

QUARTERHARD(No3TEMPER)
(A)Inlowcarboncold-rolledstripsteel,amediumsofttemperproducedbyalimitedamountofcoldrollingafterannealing.(B)Inbrassmillterminology.Quarter-HardisoneBandSnumberhardor10.95%reduction.(C)Instainlesssteelterminologytempersarebasedonminimumtensile,oryieldstrength.ForChromium-NickelgradesQuarterHardTemperis125,000T.S.,75,000Y.S.min.

QUENCHING
Intheheattreatingofmetals,thestepofcoolingmetalsrapidlyinordertoobtaindesiredproperties;mostcommonlyaccomplishedbyimmersingthemetalinoilorwater.Inthecaseofmostcopperbasealloys,quenchinghasnoeffectotherthantohastencooling.

QUENCHHARDENING
(Steel)-Aprocessofhardeningaferrousalloyofsuitablecompositionbyheatingwithinorabovethetransformationrangeandcoolingataratesufficienttoincreasethehardnesssubstantially.Theprocessusuallyinvolvestheformationofmartensite.

MetalTerminologyR
RADIANTTUBEANNEALINGBOX
(SeeAnnealing)-Aboxwhichisheated,inside,bymeansoftubesonwhichgasisburned;thehottubesradiatetheirheattothecoveredpileofmetal,standingonthebaseofthebox.Usuallyaprotectiveatmosphereismaintainedintheboxtoprotectthemetalfromoxidation.

RADIOGRAPHY
AnondestructivemethodofinternalexaminationinwhichmetalobjectsareexposedtoabeamofX-rayorgammaradiation.Differencesinthickness,densityorabsorption,causedbyinternaldefectsorinclusions,areapparentintheshadowimageeitheronafluorescentscreenoronphotographicfilmplacedbehindtheobject.

RAGGEDEDGES
Edgesofsheetorstripwhicharetorn,split,cracked,raggedorburredorotherwisedisfigured.

RECIPROCALLATTICE
(Foracrystal)-Agroupofpointsarrangedaboutacenterinsuchawaythatthelinejoiningeachpointtothecenterisperpendiculartoafamilyofplanesinthecrystal,andthelengthofthislineisinverselyproportionaltotheirinterplanardistance.

RECOVERY
Theremovalofresidualstressesbylocalizedplasticflowastheresultoflow-temperatureannealingoperationsperformedoncoldworkedmetalswithoutalteringthegrainstructureorstrengthpropertiessubstantially.

RECRYSTALLIZATION
Aprocesswherebyadistortedgrainstructureofcoldworkedmetalsisreplacedbyanew,stress-freegrainstructureasaresultofannealingaboveaspecificminimumtemperatureforaspecifictime.

REDBRASS
85%Copper-Acopper-zincalloycontainingapproximately15%zinc,usedforplumbingpipe,hardware,condensertubes.Becauseofitscolor,isusedforvanitycases,coins,plaques,badges,etc.Itissomewhatstrongerthancommercialbronzeandishardenedmorerapidlybycoldworking.

REDSHORTNESS
Brittlenessinsteelwhenitisredhot.

REDUCTIONOFAREA
Thepercentofcross-sectionalareathemetalwill“NeckDown”priortobreakingintension.

%R.A.=Originalarea-AreaafterFracturex100

REFININGTEMPERATURE
Atemperature,usuallyjusthigherthanthetransformationrange,employedintheheattreatmentofsteeltorefinethestructure-inparticular,thegrainsize.

REFLECTORSHEET
Analcladproductcontainingononesideasurfacelayerofhigh-purityaluminumsuperimposedonacoreorbasealloyofcommercial-purityaluminumoranaluminum-manganesealloy.Thehigh-puritycoatingimpartsgoodpolishingcharacteristicsandthecoregivesadequatestrengthandformability.

REFRACTORY
Aheat-resistantmaterial,usuallynonmetallic,whichisusedforfurnaceliningsandsuch.

REFRACTORYALLOY
Atermappliedtothosealloyswhichduetohardnessorabrasivenesspresentrelativedifficultyinmaintainingclosedimensionaltolerances.

REPHOSPHORIZING
(Steel)-ALadle-chemicaltreatmentconsistingoftheadditionofphosphorusasaworkhardeningagentwhentemperrollingblackplateorsheetsteelresultingingreaterhardnessandstiffnessandwithacorrespondinglossinductility.

NOTE-BlackPlateintempersT5andT6(R/Brange68/84)aretemperrolledfromRephosphorizedsteel.

RESIDUALSTRESS
Macroscopicstressesthataresetupwithinametalastheresultofnon-uniformplasticdeformation.Thisdeformationmaybecausedbycoldworkingorbydrasticgradientsoftemperaturefromquenchingorwelding.

RESIDUALS
“Incidental”or“tramp”elementsnotnamedinaspecification.Theseinclusionsareusuallyduetocontaminatedscrap.

RESILIENCE
Thetendencyofweldingprocessinwhichtheworkpiecesareheatedbythepassageofanelectriccurrentthroughthecontact.Suchprocessesincludespotwelding,seamorlineweldingandpercussionwelding.Flashandbuttweldingaresometimesconsideredasresistanceweldingprocesses.

RESISTANCEWELDING
Atypeofweldingprocessinwhichtheworkpiecesareheatedbythepassageofanelectriccurrentthroughthecontact.Suchprocessesincludespotwelding,seamorlineweldingandpercussionwelding.Flashandbuttweldingaresometimesconsideredasresistanceweldingprocesses.

RIBBONWOUND
Atermappliedtoacommonmethodofwindingstripsteellayeruponlayeraroundanarborormandrel.

RIFFLES
Wavinessattheedgeofsheetorstrip.

RIMMEDSTEEL
Low-carbonsteelinwhichincompletedeoxidationpermitsthemetaltoremainliquidatthetopoftheingot,resultingintheformationofabottomandsiderimofconsiderablethickness.Therimisofsomewhatpurercompositionthantheoriginalmetalpoured.Iftherimmingactionisstoppedshortlyafterpouringoftheingotiscompleted,themetalisknownascappedsteel.Moststeelsbelow0.15%carbonarerimmedsteels.Forthesamecarbonandmanganesecontentrimmedsteelissofterthankilledsteel.

RIPPLE
(Defect)-Aslighttransversewaveorshadowmarkappearingatintervalsalongthepiece.

ROCKWELLHARDNESS(TEST)
Astandardmethodformeasuringthehardnessofmetals.Thehardnessisexpressedasanumberrelatedtothedepthofresidualpenetrationofasteelballordiamondcone(“brale”)afteraminorloadof10kilogramshasbeenappliedtoholdthepenetratorinposition.Thisresidualpenetrationisautomaticallyregisteredonadialwhenthemajorloadisremovedfromthepenetrator.Variousdialreadingscombinedwithdifferentmajorloads,give“scales”designatedbylettersvaryingfrom“A”to“H”;the“B”and“C”scalesaremostcommonlyinuse.

ROENTGENRAYS
(SeeX-rays)

ROLLFORMING
Anoperationusedinformingsheet.Stripsofsheetarepassedbetweenrollsofdefinitesettingsthatbendthesheetprogressivelyintostructuralmembersofvariouscontours,sometimescalled“moldedsections.”

ROLLEDEDGES
Finishededges,thefinalcontoursofwhichareproducedbysideoredgingrolls.Theedgecontoursmostcommonlyusedaresquarecorners,roundedcornersandroundededge.

ROLLEDINSCALE
Asurfacedefectconsistingofscalepartiallyrolledintothesurfaceofthesheet.

ROLLERLEVELING
Passingsheetorstripmetalthroughaseriesofstaggeredsmallrollssoastoflattenthemetal.Thismethodisrelativelyineffectiveinremovingdefectssuchasbuckles,wavyedges,corrugations,twists,etc.,orfromsteelinthehigherhardnessranges.

ROLLING
Atermappliedtotheoperationofshapingandreducingmetalinthicknessbypassingitbetweenrollswhichcompress,shapeandlengthenitfollowingtherollpattern.

ROLLINGDIRECTION
(Inrolledmetal)-Thedirection,intheplaneofthesheet,perpendiculartotheaxesoftherollsduringrolling.

ROLLINGMILLS
Equipmentusedforrollingdownmetaltoasmallersizeortoagivenshapeemployingsetsofrollstiecontoursofwhichdetermineorfashiontheproductintonumerousintermediateandfinalshapes,e.g.,blooms,slabs,rails,bars,rods,sections,plates,sheetsandstrip.

ROTARYSHEAR
(SlittingMachine)-Acuttingmachinewithsharpenedcircularbladesordisc-likecuttersusedfortrimmingedgesandslittingsheetandfoil.NOTE:Cutterdiscsarealsoemployedinproducingcirclesfromflatsheetsbutwithdifferentlydesignedmachines.

RULEDIESTEEL
Ahardenedandtemperedmediumhighcarbonspringsteelstripsufficientlylowhardnesstotakemoderatelysharpbendswithoutfracture,intendedformanufactureintorulediesforthepurposeofcuttingorstampingfabrics,paper,cardboard,plastics,andmetalfoilintodesiredshape.