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Aluminium Glossary 铝术语表

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Term Description AA TheAluminumAssociation,basedinUSAisresponsiblefortheindustrystandardgrainrefiner(TP-1)anddissolution(TP-2)tests,aswellaschemicalspecificationsformasteralloysandcompacts. AAS AtomicAbsorptionSpectrometryforchemicalanalysisespeciallyatlowlevels. ACFT Alcoacoldfingertestassessesgrainrefinerability,particularlytopredicttheonsetoftwincolumnargrains. AFS AmericanFoundrymen"sSociety. Agglomeration Termcommonlyusedtodescribestickingtogetherofgrainrefinerparticles. AlB2,AlB12 ThetwopossiblephasesfoundinBAlmasteralloys. Al2O3 AluminaorAluminiumoxide. Alloy Amixturecontainingmorethanoneelement. AlloyingElement Anelementthatisaddedtometaltochangeitsphysicalcharacteristicsandproperties. Alumina Aluminiumoxide(commonlyusedtomakeCFFsandthefilteringcomponentofDBFs). Aluminide PhasecontainingAlplusanotherelemente.g.TiAl3. Aluminium (Aluminum)The13thelementintheperiodictable,andtheearth"smostabundantmetallicelement,aluminiumwasdiscoveredin1827.Aluminiumhasanatomicweightof26.98,ameltingpointof660.32°C(1220.576°F),andaboilingpointof2529°C(4566°F).Aluminiumisanabundant,lightmetalwithasilveryappearance,usedinthemanufactureofproductsrequiringlightweight,resistancetocorrosionandelectricalconductivity. Amorphous Glass-like,asinAlalloysdevelopedforstudyingnucleation. Annealing Aheattreatmentcommonlyusedtosoftenanaluminiumalloy. Anode Positiveelectrodemadeofcarboninelectrolyticcellsusedinthesmeltingprocess. Anodizing (alsoAnodicOxidation)Coatingaluminiumbyatreatmentthatcreatesathinandextremelyhardlayerofaluminiumoxideonthesurfaceofthemetal.Dye-coloredcoatingscanbeappliedduringtheprocess. ASTM AmericanSocietyforTestingMaterial.ASTMissuesstandardspecificationsonmaterials,includingmetalsandalloys. Bauxite Asoiltypeandorederivedfromtheweatheringofgranite(sialicparentrock),anddepletedofnearlyallsolubleelements.Aluminiumoxidesarevirtuallyallthatremainaftercalcium,potassium,sodiumandsiliconhavebeenleachedout.Bauxiteistheprincipleoreofaluminium,andispredominantlyfoundintropicalandsub-tropicalregions. Billet Acylindricalaluminiumingotusedtomakeextrusions. Carbide Particlecontainingcarbon(e.g.aluminiumcarbide,titaniumcarbide). Cathode Negativeelectrodeinelectrolyticcellsusedinthesmeltingprocess. Casting Pouringmoltenmetalintomouldsatanystageofthefabricationandmanufacturingprocess. CEN ComitéEuropéendeNormalisationisaEuropeanequivalentofAA,whichhasissuedchemicalspecificationsformasteralloys. CFF Ceramicfoamfilter,commonlyusedinthecasthousetoremovedefectsfromthemoltenmetalstream.CFFsaretypicallyreplacedaftereachcasting. Conductivity Abilitytoconductelectricity. ContinuousCasting Termoftenappliedtotwinrollcasting,wherethinstripiscastdirectlyfrommoltenmetal. Cryolite Salts-basedflux(e.g.potassiumaluminiumfluoride). DBF DeepbedfiltersaremorecomplexthanCFFs,usuallyconsistingoflayersofaluminarefractoryofdifferentsizesandshapes.DBFsaregenerallyusedinmuchlongercampaignsthanCFFs. DCCasting Direct-chillcasting,acommonmethodusedinthewroughtindustrytoproduceslabsandbillets. Degassing Theactofreducingthehydrogenlevelofmoltenaluminium.ItisoftenusedtoalsoremoveinclusionsaswellasreducethelevelsofNaandCainthemoltenaluminium. Dissolution Theactofdissolving,especiallyappliedtocompactedadditives. DrawingorPressing Forcingaflatmetalblankintoadieunderpressurefromametalram.Thisprocessisusedinthemanufactureofaluminium"hollowware". Ductility Themeasureofamaterial"sabilitytodeformelasticallyandplasticallywithoutfracturing. EquiaxedStructure Themicrostructureofametalinwhichallgrainshaveapproximatelythesamedimensionsinalldirections. Eutectic Inalloysystemswitheutectics,thiscanbethelowestmeltingpointphaseandsothelasttosolidifywhencasting.InAl-Sicastingalloys,theeutecticisoftenmodifiedtoalteritsstructuretoenhanceductility. Extruding Theactofdeformingsolidaluminium,usuallyintheformofacylindricalbillet,bypushingitfromanenclosedcontainerthroughadietoformaproductofconsistentcrosssection. Filtration Removalofinclusionsfromthemoltenmetal(seealsoCFF,DBF). Fines Finest,dustymaterial. Fluidity Abilitytoflowandfillamould. Flux Thereareseveraltypesoffluxesusedinthealuminiumindustry,havingdifferentapplications,forexampletoreducehydrogengaslevelsortoremovedross. Forging Theactofdeformingsolidaluminiumintoeitheraparticularshapebyhammeringorsqueezinginacloseddie,ordeformingbetweenflatplatens. Foundry Termoftenusedtodistinguishaproducerofshapedcastingsfromawrought(e.g.billets,slabs)producer. GrainRefiner Al-Ti-BandAl-Ti-CalloysreleasenucleantparticlesforgrainrefiningaswellasTiforgraingrowthrestriction. HeatTreatment Methodusedtoalteranalloysproperties(e.g.annealingistosoften,whilstothertreatmentsaretoharden). Hydrogen Theonlygaswhichdissolvestoanyextentinaluminium. Hypereutectic Analloywhosechemicalcompositionisabovethatoftheeutectic.InhypereutecticAl-Sialloys,thefirstphasetoformonsolidificationisprimarySi.Phosphorus-basedadditivesareoftenusedtorefineit. Hypoeutectic Analloywhosechemicalcompositionisbelowthatoftheeutectic.InhypoeutecticAl-Sialloys,thefirstphasetoformonsolidificationisprimaryAl.Grainrefinersareoftenusedtorefineit. ICP InductivelyCoupledPlasma,combinedwithopticalemissionspectrometryisacommonlyusedtechniquetodeterminechemicalanalysisofmasteralloys. Ingot Metalcastinashapethatisconvenientforhandling,storage,shippingandremelting.Ingotsmaybesmallenoughtobestackedandhandledbyoneperson,orinthecaseofalargerT-ingot,maybedesignedtobehandledbyaforklift. Injection Atermusedforforcingmoltenmetalintoadie,alsousedtodescribeintroductionofpowderalloyingadditivestoafurnaceofmoltenmetal. ISO Internationalstandardforqualitysystemmanagement. KAIF (seePAF)PotassiumaluminiumfluorideisafluxusedinsomeALTABcompositionsasitenhancesdissolution.AlsoknownasPAF. LAIS AtechniquesimilartoPoDFAforartificiallyconcentratingtheinclusionspresentinamelttodetermineitscleanliness. LiMCA Liquidmetalcleanlinessanalyserisatechniquefordeterminingmoltenmetalinclusionlevelsinalaunderinrealtime. Macs MiniALTABchargingsystemisaconceptforbulkalloyingwithminimalhandling. Metallography Flat,polishedsectionsofsamplesareexaminedunderamicroscope,typicallyatmagnificationsrangingfromX50toX1000.Thisiscalledmetallography,andisusedbygrainrefinerproducerstoassessquality. Modification TermappliedtorefiningoftheeutecticstructureinAl-Sicastingalloys.NormallydonewithSr,butalsoNaorSbused. Oxide Aluminiumreadilyformsoxideswhicharegenerallyunwantedinclusions. PAF (seeKAIF)PotassiumaluminiumfluorideisafluxusedinsomeALTABcompositionsasitenhancesdissolution.AlsoknownasKAIF. PoDFA Porousdiscfiltrationapparatusisatechniquetoartificiallyconcentrateinclusionspresentinmoltenaluminiumandsodeterminecleanlinesslevels. Poison Termappliedtolossofgrainrefininginducedbycertainelements,particularlyZronTiBAl. Porosity Thepresenceofporesinacaststructure.Theonlygaswhichdissolvestoanyextentinaluminiumishydrogen.Whenmoltenaluminiumissolidifiedthelevelofhydrogenthatcanremaininsolutionisreduced,soporositymayresult. PorousPlug Atechniquetointroducefluxesorgasesintomoltenaluminiumbyinsertingapluginthefurnacefloor. ppi Poresperinch,termappliedtodescribeporesizesinceramicfoamfilters. ppm Partspermillion. ProcessControl Theactofcontrollingthekeyparametersofaprocesstotrytoensureproductconsistency. QS Theautomotivequalitymanagementsystemstandard. (QS9000) Quenching Rapidcoolingofametalfromanelevatedtemperature. Refractory Ahighmeltingpointmaterial,variousrefractoriesexistintheindustrywithmanyapplicationsincludingthedirectcontainmentofmoltenaluminium. RFI Rotaryfluxinjectionforinjectingfluxintoamelt. Recovery Foranalloyingadditivethisreferstohowmuchofthealloyingelementinthemasteralloyorcompactedadditiveendsupinthefinalalloy. Rolling Theactofsqueezingbetweentworollerstoformaflatplate,sheetorfoilsection.Rollingisoftenfirstdone"hot"toreducethicknessofthecastsectioninasfewpassesaspossible."Cold"rollingprovidestrengthbenefitsaswellasbeingusedtoachievefinaldimensionaltolerances. SEM Scanningelectronmicroscopy,usedforhighmagnificationstudyofmetalsurfaces. Smelting Processofproducingmoltenaluminiumbythereductionofalumina. Solubility Ameasureofhowwellanadditivedissolvesinmoltenaluminium(canalsobeappliedtosolidsolutions) Spectrometry Methodcommonlyusedtodeterminethechemicalcompositionofanalloy. TEM Transitionelectronmicroscopy,usedforveryhighmagnificationstudyofinternalmetallicstructures. ThermalAnalysis Atechniqueusedinfoundriestoassesshowgoodgrainrefiningwillbeaswellastheeutecticnucleationtemperature.Itisbasedonassessingthecoolingcurveofasolidifyingsample. TiAl3 ParticlefoundinTiBAlandTiCAlandTiAlalloys,dissolvesinmoltenAltoplayaroleingraingrowthrestriction. TiB2 ParticlefoundinTiBAlalloys,playsakeyroleingrainrefining. TiC ParticlefoundinTiCAlalloys,playsakeyroleingrainrefining. TP-1 TheAluminumAssociation"sstandardtestforassessinggrainrefinerability. TP-2 TheAluminumAssociation"sstandardtestforassessingsolubility. TwinRollCasting SeeContinuousCasting. WroughtAluminium Wroughtmeansworked,socanbeappliedtorolling,extrudingandforging.

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