Metal Terminology (F)金属术语F

FACECENTERED
(Concerningcubicspacelattices)-Havingequivalentpointsatthecornersoftheunitcellandatthecentersofitssixfaces.Aface-centeredcubicspacelatticeischaracteristicofoneoftheclose-packedarrangementsofequalhardspheres.

FATIGUE
Thephenomenonleadingtofractureunderrepeatedorfluctuatingstress.Fatiguefracturesareprogressivebeginningasminutecracksandgrowundertheactionoffluctuatingstress.

FERRITICSTAINLESSSTEEL
Hasabodycenteredcubic(BCC)structure.Thesealloysarethechromiumstainlesssteelscontaininglowcarbonlevels.Theyarehardenableprimarilybycoldworking,althoughsomewillhardenslightlybyheattreating.Ferriticstainlesssteelsworkhardenmuchslowerthanaustentiticstainlesssteels.

FERROALLOY
Analloyofironwithasufficientamountofsomeelementorelementssuchasmanganese,chromiumorvanadiumforuseasameansinaddingtheseelementsintomoltensteel.

FERRO-MANGANESE
Analloyofironandmanganese(80%manganese)usedinmakingadditionsofmanganesetosteelorcast-iron.

FERROUS
Relatedtoiron(derivedfromtheLatinferrum.)Ferrousalloysare,therefore,ironbasealloys.

FIBERORFIBRE
Directioninwhichmetalshavebeencausedtoflow,asbyrolling,withmicroscopicevidenceintheformoffibrousappearanceinthedirectionofflow.

FIBERSTRESS
Unitstresswhichexistsatanygivenpointinastructuralelementsubjectedtoload;givenasloadperunitarea.

FILEDEDGES
Finishededges,thefinalcontoursofwhichareproducedbydrawingthestripoveraseriesofsmallsteelfiles.Thisistheusualandacceptedmethodofdressingtheedgesofannealedspringsteelstripafterslittingincaseswhereedgewiseslittingcracksareobjectionableorslittingburristoberemoved.

FINISHEDSTEEL
Steelthatisreadyforthemarketwithoutfurtherworkortreatment.Blooms,billets,slabs,sheetbarsandwirerodsaretermed“semi-finished”.

FINISHES
Thesurfaceappearanceofthevariousmetalsafterfinaltreatmentsuchasrolling,etc.Overtheyearsthefollowingfinisheshavebecomerecognizedasstandardintheirrespectivefields.

ALUMINUMSHEET
(A)CommerciallyBright.

(B)Brightoneside.

(A)Brightbothsides

(D)EmbossedSheets(Producedbyusingembossedrolls.)

BLACKPLATE
(A)Dullfinishwithoutlusterproducedbyuseofroughenedrolls.

(B)Brightfinish-alusterfinishproducedbyuseofrollshavingamoderatelysmoothsurface.

COLDROLLEDSTEELSHEETS
(A)CommercialFinish.Adullsatinsurfacetextureproducedbyroughenedrolls.

(B)CommercialBrightFinish.Brightinappearancewithatexturebetweenlusterandaveryfinemattefinish.

(C)LusterFinish.Producedbyuseofgroundandpolishedrolls.(Note:Thisisnotanumber3finish.)

COLDROLLEDSTRIPSTEELS
No.1Finish-Adullfinishproducedwithoutlusterbyrollingonroughenedrolls.

No.2Finish-Aregularbrightfinishproducedbyrollingonmoderatelybrightrolls.

No.3Finish-BestBrightFinish.Alustrousorhighglossfinishproducedbyrollingonhighlypolishedrolls.Alsoreferredtoas“MirrorFinish”.

COPPERBASEALLOYS
AcidDipped-Dryrolledfinished.Producedbydrycoldrollingbi-chromatedippedalloywithpolishedrolls,resultinginaburnishedappearanceandretainingthecolorobtainedbydipping(TrueMetalColor).

BrightDippedFinish-Finishresultingfromanaciddip.

BuffedorPolishedSurface-Afinishobtainedbybuffing,resultinginahighglossorpolishedfinish.

ColdRolledFinish-Arelativelysmoothfinishobtainedbycoldrollingplainpickledstripwithalubricant.

DryRolledFinish-Aburnishedfinishresultingfromdrycoldrollingbyuseofpolishedrollswithoutanymetallubricant.

HotRolledFinish-Adarkrelativelyroughoxidizedfinishresultingfromrollingthemetalwhilehot.Maysubsequentlybepickledorbrightdippedbuttheroughsurfaceremains.

StretchedBrushedFinish(SatinFinish)Obtainedbymechanicallybrushingwithwirebrushesorbybuffing.

FLATWIRE
No.2Finish-Aregularbrightfinish.

No.3Finish-BestBrightHighGlossfinishproducedbyuseofpolishedrolls.Orbyspecialbuffing-thisisanegotiatedfinish.

STAINLESSCOLDROLLEDSHEETandSTRIPNos.1,2B&2D.
No.1Finish-C.R.Annealedandpickledappearancevariesfromdullgraymattefinishtoafairlyreflectivesurface.

No.2BFinish-SameasNo.1Finishfollowedbyafinallightcoldrolledpassgenerallyonhighlypolishedrolls.

No.2DFinish-Adullcoldrolledfinishproducedbycoldrollingondullrolls.

STAINLESSC.R.SHEET-PolishedFinishes
No.3Finish-Thisisanintermediatepolishedfinish.

No.4Finish-GroundandPolishedfinish.

No.6Finish-Ground,PolishedandTampicoBrushed.

No.7Finish-GroundandHighLusterPolished.

No.8Finish-GroundandPolishedtoMirrorFinish.

TEMPEREDandUNTEMPEREDCOLDROLLEDCARBONSPRING
STEELSTRIP
Classifiedbydescriptionasfollows:

(A)BlackOilTempered.

(B)ScalelessTempered.

(A)BrightTempered.

(D)TemperedandPolished.

(E)Tempered,PolishedandColored(BlueorStraw).

TINPLATE
(A)BrightHotDippedFinish.

(B)ElectroMatteDullFinish.

(C)ElectroBrightReflowFinish-producedbythein-the-linethermaltreatmentfollowingelectrodeposition.

FINISHINGTEMPERATURE
Temperatureoffinalhot-workingofametal.

FLAMEANNEALING
Aprocessofsofteningametalbytheapplicationofheatfromahightemperatureflame.

FLAMEHARDENING
Aprocessofhardeningaferrousalloybyheatingitabovethetransformationrangebymeansofahigh-temperatureflame,andthencoolingasrequired.

FLAPPERVALVESTEEL
Anextremelyflat,verysmooth,veryaccuratetogage,polished,hardenedandtemperedspringsteelproducedfromapproximately1.15%carbon.Thenameisderivedfromitscommonandprincipleusage.

FLATTENING
(SeeRollerandStretcherLeveling)

FLATLATCHNEEDLESTEEL
Suppliedcoldrolledandannealed.Carboncontent.85.Suppliedbothincoilandflatlength.Usedtomakeflatlatchneedleswhichareusedinthemanufactureofknittedgoods.

FLATWIRE
AflatColdRolled,preparededgesectionupto?#148;wide,rectangularinshape.Generallyproducedfromhotrolledrodsorspeciallypreparedroundwirebyoneormorecoldrollingoperations,primarilyforthepurposeofobtainingthesizeandsectiondesired.Mayalsobeproducedbyslittingcoldrolledflatmetaltodesiredwidthfollowedbyedgedressing.

FLOWLINES
AlwaysvisibletoagreaterorlessdegreewhenalongitudinalsectionhasbeensubjectedtoMacroetching,indicatingthedirectionofworkorrolling.

FLOWSTRESS
Theshearstressrequiredtocauseplasticdeformationofsolidmetals.

FLUTING
Kinkingorbreakageduetocurvingofmetalstriponaradiussosmall,withrelationtothickness,astostretchtheoutersurfaceaboveitselasticlimit.Nottobeconfusedwiththespecificproduct,FlutedTubes.

FOIL
Metalinanywidthbutnomorethanabout0.005”thick.

FOLDS
Defectscausedinmetalbycontinuedfabricationofoverlappingsurfaces.

FRACTURE
Surfaceappearanceofmetalswhenbroken.

FRACTURETEST
Nickingandbreakingabarbymeansofsuddenimpact,toenablemacroscopicstudyofthefracture.

FRICTIONGOUGESORSCRATCHES
Aseriesofrelativelyshortsurfacescratchesvariableinformandseverity.(SeeGalling)

FULLANNEALING
Usedprincipallyonironandsteel,meansheatingthemetaltoabout100癋.abovethecriticaltemperaturerange,followedby“soaking”atthispointandslowcoolingbelowthecriticaltemperature.

FULLFINISHPLATE
Steelsheetorstripreducedeitherhotorcold,cleaned,annealed,andthencold-rolledtoabrightfinish.

FULLHARDTEMPER
(A)No.1Temper.Inlowcarbonsheetorstripsteel,stiffandspringy,notsuitableforbendinginanydirection.Itisthehardesttemperobtainablebyhardcoldrolling.(B)InStainlessSteelStrip,tempersarebasedonminimumtensileoryieldstrength.ForChromium-NickelgradesFullHardtemperis185,000TS,140,000YSMin.TermalsousedinconnectionwithcopperbasealloysandconsideredsynonymouswithHardTemper.