TheTurbanisaheaddress,ofobscureOrientalorigin,consistingofalongscarfwoundroundtheheadoraninnerhat.
EarlyPersiansworeaconicalcapsometimesencircledbybandsofcloth,whichmaybeconsideredoneoftheoriginsofthemodernturban.TheturbandidnotbecomecommonamongtheTurks,butwascommonamongtheOttomansultans.
Theshape,sizeandcolorofturbansvary,withthecloth’slengthbeingupto45meters.Insomeareas,especiallyinRajasthantheturban’ssizemayindicatethepositionofthepersoninsociety.
InHindi,anIndianLanguage,aturbaniscalledapagdi.
Therearemanyvariationsofthetraditionalheaddress,dependingontheregionandreligion.Infact,itissaidthat,inRajasthanthestyleoftheturbanchangeswithevery15kmyoutravel.TheRajputturbansaredifferentfromSikhturbans,whichareinturndifferentfromtheclassicalArabturbans.TheSikhpagdiisalsocalleddastar,whichisamorerespectfulwordinPunjabifortheturban.
"Royalty"indifferentpartsofIndiahavedistinctlydifferentstylesofturbans,asdothe"Peasants"whooftenjustwearatowelwoundroundthehead.
InArabculture,theturban(orimamah)hasanimportantplace.AncientArabsworethemandtookprideinthem;tobedeprivedofone’sturbanwashumiliating,andknockingaman’sturbanoffwasconsideredaninsult.Indailylife,theturbanwasveryusefulforfendingoffthedesertsandandprotectingthefacefromhightemperaturesandstrongsunlight.InmodernPersianGulfcountries,theturbanhasbeenreplacedbythewhiteorred-and-whitecheckeredscarf(calledghutrahorshumagh),thoughtheturbantraditionisstillstronginOman(seeSultanQaboosofOmanwearingturban).InSudan,alargewhiteturbaniswornandcanindicatesocialstatus.Islamicclergymencanbeseenwearingturbans,inparticularShiaMuslimscholarswhohavebecomefamousforthem(e.g.AyotallahKhomeini,AyotallahKhamenei,HizbullahheadSayyidHasanNasrullah,andnewcomerstotheworldstage,likeIraq’sAyutallahAlial-Sistani).ThesearewornbyPersianandArabscholarsalike;theblackcolourindicatesdescentfromtheProphetMuhammadandalsoonepersonknownforwearingturbanisOsamabinLaden.