TheDragonBoatFestival,alsocalledtheDuanwuFestival,iscelebratedonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthaccordingtotheChinesecalendar.Forthousandsofyears,thefestivalhasbeenmarkedbyeatingzongzi(glutinousrice(糯米)wrappedtoformapyramidusingbambooorreedleaves)andracingdragonboats.
Thefestivalisbestknownforitsdragon-boatraces,especiallyinthesouthernprovinceswheretherearemanyriversandlakes.Thisregatta(赛舟会)commemoratesthedeathofQuYuan,anhonestministerwhoissaidtohavecommittedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinariver.
QuwasaministeroftheStateofChusituatedinpresent-dayHunanandHubeiprovinces,duringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC)(战国时期).Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyesteemedforhiswisecounselthatbroughtpeaceandprosperitytothestate.However,whenadishonestandcorruptprincevilifiedQu,hewasdisgracedanddismissedfromoffice.Realizingthatthecountrywasnowinthehandsofevilandcorruptofficials,QugrabbedalargestoneandleaptintotheMiluoRiveronthefifthdayofthefifthmonth.Nearbyfishermenrushedovertotryandsavehimbutwereunabletoevenrecoverhisbody.Thereafter,thestatedeclinedandwaseventuallyconqueredbytheStateofQin.
ThepeopleofChuwhomournedthedeathofQuthrewriceintotherivertofeedhisghosteveryyearonthefifthdayofthefifthmonth.Butoneyear,thespiritofQuappearedandtoldthemournersthatahugereptile(爬行动物)intheriverhadstolentherice.Thespiritthenadvisedthemtowrapthericeinsilkandbinditwithfivedifferent-coloredthreadsbeforetossingitintotheriver.
DuringtheDuanwuFestival,aglutinousricepuddingcalledzongziiseatentosymbolizethericeofferingstoQu.Ingredientssuchasbeans,lotusseeds(莲子),chestnuts(栗子),porkfatandthegoldenyolkofasaltedduckeggareoftenaddedtotheglutinousrice.Thepuddingisthenwrappedwithbambooleaves,boundwithakindofraffiaandboiledinsaltwaterforhours.
Thedragon-boatracessymbolizethemanyattemptstorescueandrecoverQu’sbody.Atypicaldragonboatrangesfrom50-100feetinlength,withabeamofabout5.5feet,accommodatingtwopaddlersseatedsidebyside.
Awoodendragonheadisattachedatthebow,andadragontailatthestern(船尾).Abannerhoistedonapoleisalsofastenedatthesternandthehullisdecoratedwithred,greenandbluescalesedgedingold.Inthecenteroftheboatisacanopiedshrinebehindwhichthedrummers,gong(铜锣)beatersandcymbal(铙钹)playersareseatedtosetthepaceforthepaddlers.Therearealsomenpositionedatthebowtosetofffirecrackers,tossriceintothewaterandpretendtobelookingforQu.Allofthenoiseandpageantrycreatesanatmosphereofgaietyandexcitementfortheparticipantsandspectatorsalike.Theracesareheldamongdifferentclans,villagesandorganizations,andthewinnersareawardedmedals,banners,jugsofwineandfestivemeals.