Denim Definition 牛仔布的定义

Denim,inAmericanusagesincethelate18thcentury,denotesaruggedcottontwilltextile,inwhichtheweftpassesundertwo(twi-"double")ormorewarpfibers,producingthefamiliardiagonalribbingidentifiableonthereverseofthefabric,whichdistinguishesdenimfromcottonduck.Denimwastraditionallycoloredbluewithindigodyetomakeblue"jeans,"though"jean"denotedadifferent,lightercottontextile.In1789GeorgeWashingtontouredaMassachusettsfactoryproducingmachine-wovencottondenim.Inthemid-19thcenturythedurabilityofhempcloth,ofCannabissativafibers,processedasinmakinglinen,temporarilycompetedwithcotton.

Asimilarly-woventraditionalAmericancottontextileisthediagonalwarp-stripedhickorycloththatwasonceassociatedwithrailroadmen’soveralls,inwhichblueorblackcontrastingwithundyedwhitethreadsformthewovenpattern.Hickoryclothwasasruggedashickorytimberandwaswornby"hicks."RecordsofagroupofNewYorkersheadedfortheCaliforniagoldfieldsin1849showthattheytookalongfour"Hickoryshirts"apiece.Hickoryclothlaterfurnishedsome"fatigue"pantaloonsandshirtsintheAmericanCivilWar.

ApopularetymologyoftheworddenimisacontractionofsergedeN頼esinFrance.Sergeweave,withadistinctly-twilleddiagonalrib,isnowmoreusuallyassociatedwithsturdywoollentextiles.

Denimandmodernfashion

• DenimjeanshaveconsistentlybeenfashionableinAmericanculture,buthavechangedstylesignificantlythroughouttheyears.

1. Inthe1980s,tightstone-washedandacid-washedjeanswereveryfashionable
2. Inthe1990s,verybaggyjeanswereinfashion,aspartofthegrungemovement

• Denimjackets(orjeanjackets)havewaftedinandoutoffashionsincethe1950s.Manypop-cultureiconsarecloselyassociatedwiththedenimjacket,including:

1. JamesDean
2. DeborahGibson
3. GeorgeMichael