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- D
- Damask
- Aglossyjacquardfabric,usuallymadefromlinen,cotton,rayon,silk,orblends.Thepatternsareflatandreversible.Thefabricisoftenusedinnapkins,tablecloths,draperies,andupholstery.
- Denier
- Asystemofmeasuringtheweightofacontinuousfilamentfiber.IntheUnitedStates,thismeasurementisusedtonumberallmanufacturedfibers(bothfilamentandstaple),andsilk,butexcludingglassfiber.Thelowerthenumber,thefinerthefiber;thehigherthenumber,theheavierthefiber.Numerically,adenieristheequivalenttotheweightingramsof9,000metersofcontinuousfilamentfiber.
- Denim
- Truedenimisatwillweavecotton-likefabricmadewithdifferentcoloredyarnsinthewarpandtheweft.Duetothetwillconstruction,onecolorpredominatesonthefabricsurface.
- DobbyWeave
- Adecorativeweave,characterizedbysmallfigures,usuallygeometric,thatarewovenintothefabricstructure.Dobbiesmaybeofanyweightorcompactness,withyarnsrangingfromveryfinetocoarseandfluffy.Standarddobbyfabricsareusuallyflatandrelativelyfineorsheer.However,someheavyweightdobbyfabricsareavailableforhomefurnishingsandforheavyapparel.
- Doeskin
- Generallyappliedtoatypeoffabricfinishinwhichalownapisbrushedinonedirectiontocreateasoftsuede-likehandonthefabricsurface.End-usesincludebilliardtablesurfacesandmen’s’sportswear.
- DonegalTweed
- Amediumtoheavyofplainortwillweavefabricinwhichcolorfulyarnslubsarewovenintothefabric.Thenameoriginallyappliedtoahand-wovenwoolentweedfabricmadeinDonegal,Ireland.End-usesincludewintercoatsandsuits.
- DottedSwiss
- Alightweight,sheercottonorcottonblendfabricwithasmalldotflock-likepatterneitherprintedonthesurfaceofthefabric,orwovenintothefabric.End-usesforthisfabricincludeblouses,dresses,babyclothes,andcurtains.
- DoubleCloth
- Afabricconstruction,inwhichtwofabricsarewovenontheloomatthesametime,oneontopoftheother.Intheweavingprocess,thetwolayersofwovenfabricareheldtogetherusingbinderthreads.Thewovenpatternsineachlayeroffabriccanbesimilarorcompletelydifferent.
- DoubleKnit
- Aweftknitfabricinwhichtwolayersofloopsareformedthatcannotbeseparated.Adoubleknitmachine,whichhastwocompletesetsofneedles,isrequiredforthisconstruction.
- DoubleWeave
- Awovenfabricconstructionmadebyinterlacingtwoormoresetsofwarpyarnswithtwoormoresetsoffillingyarns.Themostcommondoubleweavefabricsaremadeusingatotalofeitherfourorfivesetsofyarns.
- Duck
- Atightlywoven,heavy,plain-weave,bottom-weightfabricwithahard,durablefinish.Thefabricisusuallymadeofcotton,andiswidelyusedinmen’sandwomen’sslacks,andchildren’splayclothes.
- Durability
- Theabilityofafabrictoresistwearthroughcontinualuse.
- DurablePress
- Atreatmentappliedtothefabricinthefinishingprocessinwhichitmaintainsasmoothattractiveappearance,resistswrinkling,andretainscreasesorpleatsduringlaundering.
E
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- Elasticity
- Theabilityofafiberorfabrictoreturntoitsoriginallength,shape,orsizeimmediatelyaftertheremovalofstress.
- Embossing
- Acalenderingprocessinwhichfabricsareengravedwiththeuseofheatedrollersunderpressuretoproducearaiseddesignonthefabricsurface.
- Embroidery
- Anembellishmentofafabricorgarmentinwhichcoloredthreadsaresewnontothefabrictocreateadesign.Embroiderymaybedoneeitherbyhandormachine.
- Eyelet
- Atypeoffabricwhichcontainspatternedcut-outs,aroundwhichstitchingorembroiderymaybeappliedinordertopreventthefabricfromraveling.
F
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- Face
- Therightsideorthebetter-lookingsideofthefabric.
- Facing
- Apieceoffabricthatissewntothecollar,frontopening,cuffs,orarmseyeofagarmenttocreateafinishedlook.
- Faille
- Aglossy,soft,finely-ribbedsilk-likewovenfabricmadefromcotton,silk,ormanufacturedfibers.
- Felt
- Anon-wovenfabricmadefromwool,hair,orfur,andsometimesincombinationwithcertainmanufacturedfibers,wherethefibersarelockedtogetherinaprocessutilizingheat,moisture,andpressuretoformacompactmaterial.
- Fiber
- Thebasicentity,eithernaturalormanufactured,whichistwistedintoyarns,andthenusedintheproductionofafabric.
- Fiberfill
- Speciallyengineeredmanufacturedfibers,whichareusedasfillermaterialinpillows,mattresses,mattresspads,sleepingbags,comforters,quilts,andouterwear.
- Filament
- Amanufacturedfiberofindefinitelength(continuous),extrudedfromthespinneretduringthefiberproductionprocess.
- Filling
- Inawovenfabric,theyarnsthatruncrossthefabricfromselvagetoselvage,andwhichrunperpendiculartothewarporlengthwiseyarns.Alsoreferredtoastheweft.
- Findings
- Anyextraitemsattachedtoagarmentduringthemanufacturingprocess.Thiscanincludetrims,buttons,hooks,snaps,orembellishments.
- FinishedFabric
- Afabricthathasgonethroughallthenecessaryfinishingprocesses,andisreadytobeusedinthemanufacturingofgarments.
- FlameResistant
- Atermusedtodescribeafabricthatburnsveryslowly,orhastheabilitytoself-extinguishupontheremovalofanexternalflame.
- FlameRetardant
- Achemicalappliedtoafabric,orincorporatedintothefiberatthetimeofproduction,whichsignificantlyreducesafabric’sflammability.
- Flannel
- Amedium-weight,plainortwillweavefabricthatistypicallymadefromcotton,acottonblend,orwool.Thefabrichasaverysofthand,brushedonbothsidestoliftthefiberendsoutofthebasefabricandcreateasoft,fuzzysurface.End-usesincludeshirtsandpajamas.
- Flannelette
- Amedium-weight,plainweavefabricwithasofthand,usuallymadefromcotton.Thefabricisusuallybrushedonlyononeside,andislighterweightthanflannel.End-usesincludeshirtsandpajamas.
- Flax
- Theplantfromwhichcellulosiclinenfiberisobtained.Linenisusedinapparel,accessories,draperies,upholstery,tablecloths,andtowels.
- Flocking
- Atypeofraiseddecorationappliedtothesurfaceofafabricinwhichanadhesiveisprintedonthefabricinaspecificpattern,andthenfinelychoppedfibersareappliedbymeansofdusting,air-brushing,orelectrostaticcharges.Thefibersadhereonlytotheareaswheretheadhesivehasbeenapplied,andtheexcessfibersareremovedbymechanicalmeans.
- Foulard
- Alightweighttwill-weavefabric,madefromfilamentyarnslikesilk,acetate,polyester,withasmallall-overprintpatternonasolidbackground.Thefabricisoftenusedinmen’sties.
G
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- Gabardine
- Atightlywoven,twilled,worstedfabricwithaslightdiagonallineontherightside.Woolgabardineisknownasayear-roundfabricforbusinesssuiting.Polyester,cotton,rayon,andvariousblendsarealsousedinmakinggabardine.
- Gauge
- Ameasurementmostcommonlyassociatedwithknittingequipment.Itcanmeanthenumberofneedlesperinchinaknittingmachine.However,infullfashionedhosieryandsweatermachines,thenumberofneedlesper1-1/2inchesrepresentsthegauge.
- Gauze
- Athin,sheerplain-weavefabricmadefromcotton,wool,silk,rayon,orothermanufacturedfibers.End-usesincludecurtains,apparel,trimmings,andsurgicaldressings.
- Georgette
- Asheerlightweightfabric,oftenmadeofsilkorfromsuchmanufacturedfibersaspolyester,withacrepesurface.End-usesincludedressesandblouses.
- Geotextiles
- Manufacturedfibermaterialsmadeintoavarietyoffabricconstructions,andusedinavarietycivilengineeringapplications.
- Gingham
- Amediumweight,plainweavefabricwithaplaidorcheckpattern.End-usesincludedresses,shirts,andcurtains.
- GlassFiber
- Aninorganicfiberwhichisverystrong,buthaspoorflexibilityandpoorabrasionresistance.Glasswillnotburnandwillnotconductelectricity.Itisimpervioustoinsects,mildew,andsunlight.Today,theprimaryuseofglassfiberisinsuchindustrialapplicationsasinsulationorreinforcementofcompositestructures.
- GreigeGoods
- Anunfinishedfabric,justremovedfromaknittingmachineoraloom.Alsocalledgreygoods.
H
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- Hand
- Thewaythefabricfeelswhenitistouched.Termslikesoftness,crispness,dryness,silkinessarealltermsthatdescribethehandofthefabric.
- Heather
- Ayarnthatisspunusingpre-dyedfibers.Thesefibersareblendedtogethertogiveaparticularlook.(Forexample,blackandwhitemaybeblendedtogethertocreateagreyheatheredyarn.)Theterm,heather,mayalsobeusedtodescribethefabricmadefromheatheredyarns.
- Hemp
- Acoarse,durablebastfiberobtainedfromtheinnerbarkofthehempplant.Usedprimarilyintwinesandcordages,andmostrecentlyapparel.
- Herringbone
- Avariationonthetwillweaveconstructioninwhichthetwillisreversed,orbroken,atregularintervals,producingazig-zageffect.
- HoundstoothCheck
- Avariationonthetwillweaveconstructioninwhichabrokencheckeffectisproducedbyavariationinthepatternofinterlacingyarns,utilizingatleasttwodifferentcoloredyarns.
- HydrophilicFibers
- Fibersthatabsorbwatereasily,takelongertodry,andrequiremoreironing.
- HydrophobicFiber
- Fibersthatlacktheabilitytoabsorbwater.
