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Naming inorganic compounds

metal containing

Compounds containing a metal will be based on the name of the elemental metal plus the name of the anion. The name of simple nonmetal anions convert the ending of the element name with -ide. Polyatomic anions usually end with -ite or -ate. (Note that hydroxide, OH-, is an exception.)

F- fluoride

Cl- chloride ClO2- chlorite ClO32- chlorate ClO4- perchlorate

Br- bromide BrO32- bromate

I- iodide IO32- iodate

O2- oxide OH- hydroxide O22- peroxide

S2- sulfide SO32- sulfite SO42- sulfate

Se2- selenide

N3- nitride NO2- nitrite NO3- nitrate

P3- phosphide PO43- phosphate

As3- arsenide AsO32- arsenate

C4- carbide CO32- carbonate

Si4- silicide SiO44- silicate

a few more

HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HSO3- hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

HSO4- hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HPO42- hydrogen phosphate

H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate

common organic anions

CH3COO- acetate

HCOO- formate

C2O42- oxalate

common anions containing metals

MnO4- permanganate

CrO42- chromate

Cr2O72- dichromate

Metals with multiple oxidation states use a Roman numeral in parentheses to specify the oxidation state. Example:

formula write as read as

FeCl2 iron(II) chloride iron two chloride

FeCl3 iron(III) chloride iron three chloride

nonmetals

The name of nonmetallic compounds use the name of the first element in the formula followed by the name for the other elements in the compound, modified as above. A prefix indicates the number of each atom in the compound. Examples:

formula read as

CO carbon monoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide

SO2 sulfur dioxide

SO3 sulfur trioxide

N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide

Naming Complexes

Complex ions are named with the ligand names added as prefixes to the name of the central metal ion. Anionic ligands are modified with the suffix -o, for example: chloro, Cl-, cyano, CN-, and hydroxo, OH-. Most neutral ligands retain their usual name, a few exceptions are:

formula ligand name

C=O carbonyl

H2O aqua

NH3 ammine

formula read as

Cu(H2O)42- tetraaquacopper(II)

CoCl63- hexachlorocobalt(III)